Bullion Knot or Bullion Stitch

Bullion knot or bullion stitch gives an embossed look to the surface. It can be used as an accent or grouped together to create a dense texture. 

Woven filling stitch (Basic needleweaving)

The woven filling stitch is a simple, easy to use technique, suitable for filling areas with a basket-weave texture. You can use one of two colors (either of similar or contrasting shades). The stitch is worked in two stages. At the first stage, the stitcher lays the vertical threads (warp threads), while at the second the stitcher weaves the horizontal threads between the vertical threads (in an over-under fashion).

Couching Stitch

Couching stitches are used to create lines or are placed next to each other to make a fill. Couching involves two threads two threads and needles: The laying thread, which is typically thick lays along the design line. The tying thread secures the laying thread to the fabric. The laying thread might be cord, metal thread, thick thread, knitting yarn, etc. The couching threads might be either the same color or contrasting colors.

Feather Stitch

Feather stitch or featherstitch is a decorative stitch used to create branch-looking borders, curves or even fillings. Technically, the stitch consists of a series of open, looped stitches alternating to the right and left of the basic design line. 

Single Feather Stitch

The feather-stitch family encompasses several stitches, including the single feather stitch, the (regular) feather stitch, and the long-arm feather stitch (also called the Cretan or quill stitch). The single feather stitch is similar to the blanket stitch. The only difference is that the stitches are slanted instead of being straight. 

Blanket stitch for decoration

Blanket stitch can be either used to secure the edges of a fabric or as a decorative stitch in surface embroidery. See the illustrated instructions for decorative blanket stitch.

Blanket Stitch at the edge of the fabric

A blanket stitch is used to finish an unhemmed piece of fabric. The stitch is also used as a decorative stitch on an array of garments.

Chain stitch (plain chain stitch)

Chain stitch is one of the oldest stitches in history of textiles. Examples of surviving Chinese chain stitch embroidery worked in silk thread have been dated to the Warring States period (5th - 3rd century BC). The earliest archaeological evidence of chain stitch embroidery dates from 1100 BC in China, excavated from royal tombs.

The long and short satin stitch

The long & short stitch is also referred to as silk shading. long and short shading or needlepainting. Technically, it is a type of satin stitch used to fill shapes like flower petals, leafs, etc. It can be worked in a single color or with multiple colors to achieve a gradient & subtle shading. It is also used if you want to move from one color to another or from a dark shade to a lighter, blending smoothly the colors together. Long & short stitch, in comparison to satin stitch, is a better choice for filling larger areas, because in large areas satin stitch results in loose or puckered stitches. Because, the interlope with each other, the technique is ideal to shading and give a realistic painted finish. 

Slanted Satin Stitch

Slanted satin stitch is almost identical to satin stitch. The main differences are two: Firstly, the slanted stitch is not vertical or horizontal to the basic lines of the shape. Secondly, the stitching should start from the center of the shape and not from the bottom left corner (as in the case of straight satin stitch). 

Straight Satin stitch

Straight Satin stitch or Satin stitch or Damask stitch is a flat, filling stitch used to completely cover a section of the fabric.

Split stitch

 

The stitch is used mostly for outlining but also in close succession can be used to do fillings. 
Alternate Name: Kensington Outline

Laced Running Stitch

Running stitch serves as a foundation for some pretty variations, such as laced running stitch and whipped running stitch. To make a laced running stitch you need two threads of different colors. The first thread is used to complete a line of regular running stitch and the second to create the wavy, cord effect. 

Stem Stitch

Stem stitch, also known as crewel or stalk stitch, is used mostly for outlines (branches, stems, etc) and also for fillings. Stem stitches are placed very closed together creating the stem effect.

Running stitch

The running stitch or straight stitch is probably the simpest stitch in embroidery. The stitch is worked by passing the needle in and out of the fabric. The result resembles a dashed line. Running stitches may be of varying length. In some cases it is preferable both the lines and the spaces to have equal length. In other cases, it is more convenient the lines to be longer that the spaces and more thread to be visible on the top of the fabric that in the underside. The running stitch can be worked in straight or curved lines. It is also the basic stitch in Sashiko embroidery.

Whipped Running stitch

The running stitch can be served as a foundation for some pretty variations. One of these variations is the whipped running stitch. The stitch can be implemented in cross stitch or other embroidery.

Open Herringbone Stitch

Herrignbone stitch, alson known as Catch stitch, Mossoul stitch or Russian stitch, is a variation of cross stitch. It is so named as it resembles the bones extending from the spine of a herring fish. Cross stitch is simply a centered “X”. On the other hand herringbone alternates between high and low crossings. It can be used to join pieces of fabric or in ornamental variations commonly used in patchwork crazy quilting. It can be worked either in free-hand embroidery or in counted thread embroidery, especially on Aida fabric. 

Long-Arm cross stitch

The Long-Arm cross stitch, also known as plaited slav stitch and long legged cross stitch is a variant of the traditional cross stitch. It can be used in counted thread embroidery to create beautiful borders and frames.

Roman chain stitch or Open chain stitch

The stitch is also known as ladder stitch, since the result looks like a ladder or rails. It is considered a variation of chain stitch.

Backstitch

Backstitch resembles machine stitching. It can be worked in a any direction over any number of threads. Backstitch forms lines and it is most often used to outline shapes or for a single row coverage. 

Backstitch over two canvas threads

Backstitch over one canvas thread